Temple of Hercules, Amman Jordan

The Temple of Hercules situated inside the ancient fortress in Amman, Jordan, is a prominent symbol of the Roman Empire’s legacy in the area. Situated on the Hill of the Citadel, Jabal al-Qala’a, the temple serves as a powerful reminder of the rich history and architectural splendor of Roman governance in the Levant.

This impressive edifice attracts tourists not just for its historical importance but also for the breathtaking vistas it provides of the lively capital city below.

In this detailed guide, we will delve into the history, architectural features, travel advice, and important details for those visiting the Temple of Hercules.

History:

The Hercules Temple was built between 162–166 AD during the era of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, when the Roman Empire was spreading its influence far into the Middle East.

At that time, Amman, then referred to as Philadelphia, was one of the Decapolis, a collection of ten cities that played a crucial role as cultural and commercial centers in the Roman territory of Arabia.

The temple was dedicated to Hercules, the Roman version of the Greek hero Heracles, celebrated for his incredible strength and mythical accomplishments.

Its position atop the hill was selected to demonstrate the might and supremacy of Roman rule, with its large columns and edifices visible from a great distance.

Surprisingly, the temple was never completed. Yet, the site continues to be a significant emblem of Roman occupation in Jordan and a noteworthy religious site from its period.

Architecture of The Temple of Hercules

The Temple of Hercules was designed in the Corinthian architectural style, which is recognizable by its ornate, slender columns with intricate, carved capitals. Although much of the temple has been reduced to ruins over the centuries, the sheer scale of the structure can still be felt through the remaining elements.

Key Architectural Highlights:

The Colossal Hand and Elbow

One of the most intriguing features of the temple is the discovery of a massive hand and elbow, which are believed to be part of a colossal statue of Hercules.

This statue, estimated to have been around 12 meters tall, would have been a dominant presence in the temple, symbolizing the hero’s strength and influence. While the rest of the statue has been lost to time, these remnants provide a glimpse into the temple’s original grandeur.

Massive Columns

Six standing columns remain, each approximately 33 feet (10 meters) tall, towering over the temple ruins. The columns are an excellent representation of Roman engineering and artistry, showcasing the precision and strength required to construct such large structures in ancient times. The scale of the remaining pillars suggests that the temple, if completed, would have been one of the largest in the region.

The Podium and Forecourt

The temple was originally built on a raised platform (podium), with a large forecourt in front, likely used for public ceremonies and gatherings. The podium remains are visible, providing visitors a clear view of the temple’s foundational structure.

How to Reach

The Temple of Hercules is located at the Amman Citadel, in the heart of the city. Reaching the site is relatively easy, and several options are available:

By Taxi

Taxis are a common mode of transportation in Amman. You can easily hire one from any part of the city to take you to the Citadel. Ensure the taxi driver uses the meter or agrees on a price beforehand. The Citadel is a prominent landmark, and most drivers will be familiar with it.

By Car

If you prefer driving, you can rent a car. The roads to the Citadel are well-paved, but parking can be limited near the entrance, especially during peak tourist seasons.

By Walk

For those staying near downtown Amman, the Citadel is a walkable distance. However, be prepared for a steep climb, as the hill is quite elevated. This can be a rewarding experience for those wanting to take in the sights of the old city on foot.

Entrance Fees and Hours

Entry Fees: As of 2024, the entry fee to the Citadel, which includes the Temple of Hercules, is 3 Jordanian Dinars (JD) for foreign visitors and 1 JD for locals. If you have the Jordan Pass, your entry is included.

Opening Hours: The site is open daily. During the summer months (April to September), the hours are from 8:00 AM to 7:00 PM, while in the winter (October to March), it is open from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM.

Location in Map

Best time to Visit:

Amman’s climate can be quite hot during the summer months, so the ideal times to visit are in the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November).

During these periods, the temperatures are mild, making it easier to explore the outdoor ruins. Mornings and late afternoons offer cooler temperatures and stunning lighting for photography.

Things to Do

Discover the Amman Citadel

The Temple of Hercules is among the many historical sites found within the Amman Citadel. Visitors have the chance to delve into the Umayyad Palace, the Byzantine Church, and the Jordan Archaeological Museum, which showcases relics from ancient times.

Photography

The Temple of Hercules presents some of the most ideal spots for photography in Amman. Its height offers sweeping views of the entire city, and the remaining columns and stone edifices provide striking settings, particularly at sunset.

Explore Downtown Amman

A short walk from the Citadel lies Amman’s renowned Roman Theater, another testament to the city’s Roman heritage. This amphitheater, with a capacity of around 6,000, was the venue for various performances and public gatherings.

Take a Walk Downtown Amman

Following your Citadel visit, take a leisurely walk through downtown Amman. Here, you’ll encounter lively markets (souks), local eateries, and cafes that offer a glimpse into Jordanian culture. Don’t miss the chance to try mansaf, Jordan’s national delicacy, which consists of lamb simmered in fermented dried yogurt and served with rice.

Safety Tips:

Stay Hydrated

Amman can get hot, especially during the summer months. Make sure to carry plenty of water with you while exploring the Citadel.

Wear Comfortable Shoes

The terrain around the temple and Citadel is uneven, so comfortable walking shoes are highly recommended. Be cautious of loose stones or uneven ground when exploring the ruins.

Dress Modestly

While Amman is a modern city, Jordan is still a conservative country. It’s advisable to dress modestly, particularly when visiting historical and religious sites.

Avoid Peak Heat

If visiting during the summer, aim to visit the Temple of Hercules either early in the morning or later in the afternoon to avoid the midday heat.

Credits:

• Image by Dimitris Vetsikas from Pixabay
• Photo by AXP Photography: https://www.pexels.com/photo/ruins-of-temple-of-hercules-in-amman-18717628/
• Photo by AXP Photography: https://www.pexels.com/photo/temple-ruins-in-amman-in-jordan-18682586/

Conclusion:

The Hercules Temple in Amman goes beyond being a mere old ruin; it stands as a testament to Jordan’s complex past, showcasing the region’s extensive history of cultural and political changes.

A trip to this renowned landmark offers a glimpse into Roman history and the architectural skill of an ancient time. Its massive remains, expansive vistas, and intriguing past make the Hercules Temple a must-see destination for anyone in Amman.

By thoughtfully planning your visit and taking the time to explore nearby sites, you’ll gain a greater understanding of Jordan’s deep cultural legacy and gather a set of lasting memories.